"Other Echoes Inhabit the Garden": Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North as a World Literary Palimpsest

Author: A. K. Muneer
Journal: The Text, Vol. 8, No. 2 (July 2026), pp. 1–23
ISSN: 2581-9526
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Abstract:

This article sheds light on the intertextual synergies animating the renowned Sudanese writer Tayeb Salih's novel Season of Migration to the North (1969), originally published in Arabic as Mawsim al-hijra ilā al-shimāl in 1966. As a critical paradigm for illuminating literary and cultural relations and transformations, intertextuality has increasingly been marshalled to study wide-ranging works of literature beyond national borders, which are often subsumed under a master rubric, "World Literature". The article argues that it is not just that Salih's novel is a classic work of world literature, understood as a dynamic "mode of circulation and of reading." It is also important to tap the world literature permeating Salih's novel that is already part and parcel of world literature in its own right (world literature within world literature, as it were). In other words, an attempt is made to read Season of Migration to the North as a palimpsest of world literary echoes, resonances, appropriations, and traces by navigating the rich intertextual resources it mobilises and focalises. The article will show how the novel draws on both Western classics and classical Arabic literature, which form the two parallel streams running through its narrative edifice. Among its English intertexts, William Shakespeare's Othello and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness are well-known. Also significant, albeit largely overlooked, is the English poem "Antwerp," originally published in 1914 by Ford Madox Ford. Among its Arabic intertexts are the legendary Arabian Nights and the poetry of Abu Nuwas, the eighth-century Arab poet best known for his khamriyyat (wine poems). On the whole, the article foregrounds how Salih's novel draws attention to its own formation as a novel, to the intertextuality of that formation and to the complications and possibilities thereof, thereby exemplifying how world literatures co-produce one another.

Keywords: Intertextual synergies, World Literature, palimpsest, Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North